ABASAGASI N°2

ADI-KIVU
Actions pour le Développement Intégré au Kivu
B.P. : 1554 Bukavu RDCongo
230 Cyangu-Rwanda
Email : adikivu@yahoo.fr

« ABASAGASI N° 2 »

OBUSHWESI BW’ENSUNGURA

Osome, Ohebe n’emurhima « ABASAGASI N° 2 » Wayunguka ; Oyungukire n’omulala gwawe, obu busagasi buhyahya.

Ehi Hitabu « OBUSHWESI BW’ENSUNGURA » hya yandikagwa na Christophe RUKERATABARO wa « OPELABU »

CIGOGO 2003.

I. OBUSHWESI BW’ENSUNGURA EKA.

Enshula mwanzi :

Ehi hitabu « ABASAGASI n° 2 », hilanguline n’okuhugulira abashwesi b’ensungura eka haguma na balya boshi basima obo bushwesi ci kone babula obuhashe erhi obulenga bw’oku zishweka, kurhi bakajira nka balonza okuyinjihya n’okulera kwinja ensungura zabo.

Hihugwire bwinjinja ngasi byali bihengusire omu nshokolezi yahyo « ABASAGASI n° 1 », lugenda biryo, ciralo, kuyushuka, ndwala n’amafumu gazo.

Hishubiri rhulangula micô erhi amorhere maguma – maguma g’ensungura omu kalamo kayo.

« Orhashweka arhashwekulwa »
« Orhahinga arhahingulwa »
« Mpu n’orhahana arhahabwa » « Mpu n’enfuka y’efuk’enda » gwarhi abadesi.
Kuziga lyo rhulwisa ecizombo (ishali) eno mwirhu, rhuciseze rhushweke Ensungura bulya erhahimwa ca kuyololoka duba, erhanahimwa ca kunaza duba na bwinja amashwa gw’ozishweka.

Ahâli h’enkafu omushi n’omuhavu babwine oku Ensungura yanayinjihya akalamo kage n’o mulala gwage goshi.

II. AMAKWANANE G’ENSUNGURA.

1. Ensungura enahé omulala enfranga.
2. Enarhume abana basoma.
3. Enarhume omushwesi abukisa omulala gwage
4. Enarhengeko cinazo cinji na cinja
5. Enakome obwira duba
6. Enarhengeko enyama nyinja (nyeru)
7. Oboya bwayo ! Buba bufumu bwa muliro
8. Oluhû lwayo ! Eba nsirha nyinja
9. Oluhû lwayo ! lunakole enshagoshi
10. Oluhû lwayo ! lunakole emikaba
11. Enyunu zayo ! Biba bifungo bya nshati

Obushweshi bw’ensungura rhwanaderha oku gali majambere gayumanine.

- Aga gali makwanane g’ensungura erhi hanaciri n’ebindi birya nawe wene wasoma ehi hitabu wakayushula kushimbana n’okumanyire ensungura.

III. EBIRALO BY’ENSUNGURA N’EMBERO ZABYO

Abashwesi b’ensungura erhi balonza bakwanyanyè obushwesi bwabo, ngasi muntu anacishoga kurhi ashweka na ngahi akashwekera, Ogali rhimana ngasi muguma asimisibwe n’oku ashwesire.

Ensungura erhajamo lukoba nka mpene erhi nka ngulube. Cikone hiba hisimba hy’ekâ hisima ahinja n’omurhula, harhali hanganaci, co cirhumire rhwalangulana embero erhi mpiriri inga za byumpa Abashi bashwekeramo.

Embero erh’Empiriri z’ebyumpa.
1. Ecumpa c’embuga, ciyubakirwa omu cogo
2. Ecumpa c’omu nyumpa, ciyubakirwa omu nyumpa
3. Ecumpa c’embuga (oku cibambazi c’enyumpa)
4. Ecumpa c’omu cikunguzo (omu mina aha cogo)
5. Oku lurhalo (omu nyumpa)
6. Oku karhala (omu nyumpa)
7. Oku idaho kone (omu nyumpa)

N.B. Ecumpa cinja cikwanine cibe ca 70 cm x 70 cm. Ec’okuburhikiza cikwanine cibe ca 1 m x 80 cm (1m / 80 cm)

Muli ezi mbero zoshi z’ebyumpa ntaho Ensungura erhankalama ci rhulabage kandi erhi boshi bagwerhe iragi liguma ly’okuyololoka. Ntyo rhukolaga rhwalola obwinja erhi obuhanya buli muli ngasi cumpa.

a) Ecumpa c’embuga omu Cogo.

Eci ciri ciyumpa cinja bwenene bulya :
- Ensungura zirhali omu mwizimya.
- Ensungura yanashimbulirwa bwinja oku eyosire.
- Amazi n’amaganga gayo garhakabayira omu nyumpa omuntu ali.
- Ensungura erhaka yahukiza omushwesi endwala bulya ali kuli nayo.
- Obuchafu nisi erhi mbolera yayo buli bulembu okuhyajirwa.

b) Ecumpa c’omu nyumpa (ciyubakire omu nyumpa)

Naco ciri ciyumpa cinja nka kuno omushwesi ayubasire enyumpa yage erhi kuhandisamo ensungura kurhuma. Arhakagilalamo haguma nazo ci zone ebe nyumpa yazo.
Kurhigi yayubakwa obwo ?

* Oyiyubake buzira kugabamo ebyumpa nka nyumpa ya kulala. Cibe cibandaholi (hangar). Okerekemo ebyumpa (byofofi) kushimbana n’obuli n’obofofi bwa cirya cibandaholi.
Ebwa bushoshokero bw’izuba (Est) bw’erya nyumpa, ogwaseyo idirisha ly’akayungiro, ojire ntyo n’ebwa buzikiro (Ouest) bw’izuba..

N.B. : Libe idirisha lya centimetre makumi ani oku makumi ani.

Bulya kurhi ago madirisha gombi ezo nyunda zombi ? Bulya ensungura esima aheru kweru (bulangashane) Kandi lirya izuba ly’esezi, n’ery’ebijingo lyana heba ecidurhu mulya nyumpa n’ensungura zanasima.

N’idirisha ly’akayungiro, bulya kalya kahuso (kabayo) nisi erhi ecidurhu nisi erhi katumbo kanakagerera mulya madirisha gombi, n’ensungura zanayisa bwinja.

3) Ecumpa c’embuga oku cibambazi c’enyumpa.

Eco ciyumpa naco ciba cinja nkakuno omushwesi akenzire obugali n’obuli bw’eciyumpa (makumi kalinda oku makumi kalindarhu) nisi erhi (makumi kalinda oku makumi kalinda). Ci kone harhakaba hali hanganaci bulya ecibambazi cirhakajako biyumpa binene (binganaci).

4) Ecumpa c’omu cikunguzo (omu mwina) cirimbirimbi.

Rhwanaderha oku omushwesi washwekera omu mwina erhi arhasagiyunva enyigirizo.

Aminja gw’okushwekera omu mwina : Ntago.

Amahanya gw’okushwekera omu mwina go gaga :

- Orhakamanya olusiku ensungura yawe yayimaga.
- Orhakamanya byana binga yabusire.
- Orhakamanya oku ebyana sungura bicizine erhi byafire.
- Embasi zanarhera zirya nsungura duba duba.
- Ensungura zanakalwala orhanamanyaga.
- Enjoka yanazikomolera mulya mwina orhanamanye, akabayo ko kakayishi kubwira.
- Nyabu (Busi) anazirya buzira kuzirhesa.
- Amalindye ganasomba ebyana Sungura duba.
- Okuzilisa kuli kuzibu, cibwenene amango g’enkuba.

Okulurhalo omu nyumpa.

Omushwesi wankashwekera oku lurhalo erhi arhaciderhwa mushwesi komekome.
Obunguke bw’okushwekera oku lurhalo : Ntabo.

Amahanya gahali go gaga :

- Ensungura erhakatwera.
- Ensungura enahinduke enshusho yayo y’akaburhano (eshushe omugi)
- Ensungura yanalwala n’emigi.
- Ensungura erhakamanywa oku yamalwala.
- Ensungura amalindye nanyabu banazisomba ebyana.
- Ensungura yanakulerhera akashabo omu mulala, bulya yamania n’okushubala omu nyungu, oku bishandjo erhi nsahani.

6) Oku Karhala (omu nyumpa).

Naye ye na muguma n’owabo mushweshi wa karhanu arhakwanini aderhwe mushwesi.

7) Okw’ idaho kone omu nyumpa.

Buhanya bunji bw’omushwesi ocijire ashwekera okw’idaho, bulya arhakamanya aha obuhanya bwamuyishira, oyo arhakwanini aderhwe mushwesi bulya arhakabona bunguke.

Amahanya :

- Emiziro yanarhuma zirhayololoka (orhakamanya ishe, nnina, mwali erhi mugala wa ehi erhi ehi).
- Ebirhwera byanaziyabukamo.
- Amalindye gazikolere ebiri nka muliro.
- Nyabu (Busi) azigeze e mabula.
- Embasi zirhakusigize bici.
- Endwala z’ecidurhu c’okwidaho ziri nyinji.
- Okuyaka emikorobi (desinfectation) kuli kuzibu.

Oyunvirhage wamanabona ebirâlo by’ensungura aminja n’amahanya ga ngasi ciguma.
Wene ocishogage kurhi wayubakira ensungura zawe.
Hacirigi bala bantu bacihashire bayubaka n’amadafali, n’amanjanja g’enkungulu mpu gaziyubakire enyumpa enyanya ly’ezabo go magorofi na ntyo na ntyo.

Omu kulangulana bwinja ciralo cihi cikwanine Cikàla, ciri cumpa nomero nguma na nomero ibirhi.

N.B. Kuli kwinja na kwa bulagirire bwenene, omushwesi ayubakire ensungura zage enyuma ly’enyumpa aha côgo, bulya, erhi wakayubakira aha amasu g’abantu gakayirukira, wanagandja ecidarhu lusiku luguma.

Kurhali kwindja omuntu alangulane obuhirhi bwage oku ngasi yeshi wagera.

N’oko kwanarhuma rhwahalûla abashombanyi b’ensungura ly’oyumva bwindja.

IV. ABASHOMBANYI B’ENSUNGURA.

1. Omuntu ye mushombanyi murhanzi (ecishambo).
2. Akabwa
3. Nyabu (busi)
4. Njoka
5. Mbasi
6. Obucafu – Izinga (Bushega bwo bulerha n’endwala).
7. Mboho (nkuba) nisi erhi lujaga.
8. Izuba
9. Idurhu (kufunderwa omu cumpa)
10. Mulindye

Kurhi omushwesi akalwisa abo bashombanyi ?

1. Omuntu : Omuntu yene ye mushwesi ye na mushombayi murhanzi w’ensungura, kukwanine rhuzibuhye bwenene enyumpa n’ebyumpa rhushwesiremo ensungura. Rhurhalangulanaga kuli ngasi yeshi aha obushwesi bwirhu buli. Rhuyubake rhunaseze ecogo ciru. Rhugule akabwa erhi bibwa.
2. Akabwa : Rhuseze ecogo n’ebyumpa, rhukarhege.
3. Nyabu (busi) kwo nakuguma rhuseze ecumpa.
4. Njoka : kulerha amavurha gaderhwa vidange (mavurha ga moteri gwa mutuga) ogashige oku mirhi migwikwa y’ecumpa hano eyisha yanabayirwa yanayaka ?
5. Mbasi : Wanalerha ebyasi biderhwa « Mukagambasi » wanabishandaza oku idaho idako ly’ecumpa, nisi erhi olerhe oluvu olushandaze lyo Embasi zilugi boneka.
6. Obucafu : kukwanine omushwesi akacesa enyumpa y’ensungura enyuma lya nsiku ibirhi kwo kuderha kuhyajirira ensungura yawe ka sharhu omu mugobe. Orhalobagya ensungura yawe n’enkuba. Erhabashagakw’izuba omulegerege goshi.
7. Mboho : Omushwesi arhalobagya ensungura akola ayubaka, alole lunda luhi ayerekeza omuhango lyo emboho erhagikadahamo.
8. Izuba : Nka kuno wayiheka ecambu, nisi erhi wayibalamana, nisi erhi omu mwayo, omanye izuba likali lyakanabasha oku nsungura yawe ; yanaduduka obone ekola eri yalerha olufula (ipofu) ifula na ntyo yanalengenjera konakufa kwayo.
9. Idurhu : Oyake okuhandisa ensungura zawe omu cumpa cifundire (Lwiganyo). Ensungura eburha byana sungura nunani, mwenda na kulusha n’eciralo cayo ciri ca santimetri 20 x 20 cm erhi 20 x 30 cm, zirya nsungura erhi zihisa myezi ibirhi, erhi zikola zalonza okurhengako Nnina,wanabona okuidurhu lyazirhangula.

Bulya omuka gw’ensungura cociba cîko na bushiro bwayo. Oyubak’ecumpa cikwanine nka cakuburhikizamo (olabe oku bukarasa bwa 4- 8, cigabi ca III).

10. Mulindye : onarhole ebinzanzi obikereke oku burhambi bw’ecumpa, hano guyisha gubandwe, gwanagendifâ. Nisi erhi orhole ehinjanja hy’ecikombe, ohibere, ohishurire oku murhi (ngasi murhi) ohiyose nka mubira, ocitulike okumurhi hano omulindye guyisha gwa sheshereramo gulya mubira gurhakanacisoka bulya gwama bula aha gwagera.
Muli aba bashombanyi ikumi rhudesire ahala nyanya, hali bashombanyi nka babirhi (2) bakulu rhwankaderha.
Owaburhanzi : Omuntu, n’owakabirhi : Bucafu.
Bulya we wasoma waderha mpu rhurhadesiri endwala naye ali mushombanyi. Ci erhi rhwankalola, ndwala nyinji zilerhwa n’obo bucafu.

V. OKULISA ENSUNGURA.
Oku bashwesi bacihashire balya bagwerhe ecarhabala bohe balisa kasharhu omu lusiku n’ebiryo bya ngasi lubero. Ci okubona obusangasi buli muli ehi hitabu « ABASAGASI N° 2 », hiri hya bushwesi bw’eno mwirhu Ebushi-Buhavu hyajiragwa enyanya ly’okuhugulira cikalâ kurhi akagenderekera omu bushwesi bwage bw’ensungura.
Haligi na biguma-biguma birhankalahirwa nabo bacihashire bulya ko binali ntyo.
Akaba ehi hitabu hiri hya Cikalâ rhwalangulana aha idako (nshishi) kurhi rhwabwine.

1. Oku nsungura erimo abana, erhi ebusire
 Kuyiha kasharhu omu lusiku, sezi (bisungunu) mushi (bisungunu aha nsaa ndarhu na bijingo aha nsaa nkuminibirhi).

N.B. : Sezi (nsaa nguma) kuyihà biro bibirhi (2kg) mushi (nsaa 6) kuyiha (0,5kg) bulya birya by’esezi biciriko bisungunu. Bijingo (18 heures) kuyiha biro bisharhu n’ecihimbi (3,5 kg) bulya ensungura budufu lyo elya bwenene erhaja iro yalala yalya na ntyo orhahebaga ebiryo oku bindi yasizagya onarhangibikula.

2. Oku nsungura erhalimo bana ensole (5-6 mois) sezi (nsaa nguma) kuyiha biro bibirhi (2 kg) na bijingo (biro bisharhu) kabirhi omu lusiku.

3. Oku byana sungura byarhengagako nawabyo (2-3 mois)
- Kubiha kasharhu omu lusiku, sezi, mushi na bijingo. Omwanasungura wa myezi ibirhi erhi isharhu, analya nusu ya ciro (0,5 kg) ngasi kulya = 1,5 kg oku lusiku nisi erhi ciro ciguma erhi ecihimbi cone oku lusiku.
- Kuli kwinja okahana ebiryo bya mpiriri inga lyo ensungura esima nayo ly’etwera.
- Kandi orhayibagiraga okukahà ensungura yawe ebusire n’er’izimi amishi galimo hyunyu hisungunu. Ntyo nk’eri izimi kulikuyiha omunyu n’amishi manji omu mubiri.
- Kanji kanji ensungura elya ebyana byayo omukuciha amishi erhi eyusiburha eyunve nka kuno gulya muko gwo gaba mishi gayo.

Nka ciri canda, kuli kwinja okukomereza ensungura zawe okunywa amishi bulya nazozanaba zinyorhire. Nkakuno ziri za mpondo.
Kuli kwinja ozilekere birya byasi byazo bulya biyosire birimo amishi co cinarhuma,
Kuli bacikalà barhakomerera kuhà ensungura zabo amishi, nka ciri canda kukaziha ebyasi nka bicirimo amishi.

Haligi ebindi biryo by’empiri ini abacihashire bakaziha ensungura zabo lyo zitwera zinakule duba.

a) Omulala murhanzi gw’ebiryo (I)
 Enshano erhi cônga ca « Nnamunana» zo ziderhwa ngukumà (tournesol). Egwerhe 20 % y’e proteine.
 Enshano erhi bisigaliza by’akabemba (enyuma ly’okukulamo amavurha g’akabemba) egwerhe 40 % y’e proteine.

b) Omulala gwa kabirhi gw’ebiryo (II)
 Enshano y’ebishimbo biyende : 18 % y’é proteine
 Ebisigaliza by’omucigici (enyuma ly’okukulamo amavurha g’amamesa : egwerhe 15 % y’é proteine.

c) Omulala gwa kasharhu gw’ebiryo (III)
 Enshano y’ebigonji erhi y’amahemba : Bigwerhe 7 % y’é proteine.
 Ensheke z’ebigonji, z’omucere n’ez’amahemba : zigwerhe 8 % y’e proteine.

d) Omulala gwa kani gw’ebiryo (IV)
 Enshano y’emimbarhi : egwerhe 2 % y’e proteine
 Enshano y’ebijumbu by’eno kâ : egwerhe 2 % y’e proteine.

Rhugwasirwe okumanya oku emilala y’ebiryo I na II ebamo proteine nyinji bwenene y’okulisa ensungura n’okuzitweza kulusha.
Kandi rhumanyirire oku emilala y’ebiryo III na IV yo elerher’ensungura emisi omu mubiri. Kulikwa bulagirire omushwesi ahinganulire ensungura yage ebyasi erhi embala (lubala) omu kuziha ezi mpiriri rhuyusize rhwaderha.

Akaba rhwadesire ok’ensungura yanalya kasharhu erhi kabirhi omu lusiku, nka kuno cikalà arhakabona ako kasangi ka kasharhu omu lusiku, ensungura yanalya na liguma omu lusiku enatwere, casinga nkakuno erhalimo bana erhi yayonsa.

Kuli kuyiha ebiryo liguma lyone oMu lusiku, bijingo lyone casinga oyihe binene yalala yalya n’erhi kwa kahashikana okola wahinga erhi waja mabalamo sezi embere ogende wanarhangi yihà biryo bisungunu bwenene.

Aha rhurhacishubulule empiriri z’ebiryo rhwaderhaga omu hitabu « ABASAGASI n°1 » ci omukolo rhwajira lugenda mahugulo ga biryo bya nsungura, kuli kufafanula bwinja biryo biguma biguma rhwagwasagya muli hyo. Bulya hali ebyasi byakaba biryo ci kandi byanaba boge (poison) oku nsungura erhi wakahabibikolesa.

Lwiganyo :
1. Buhaliza bwa mimbirhi (Manihota esculenta)
2. Byasi by’avocat
3. Ipapayi : Caika papaya
4. Iragara : Yalinsoya parvifi
5. Lucema : Leucaena
6. Kaliandra : calliandra
7. Mabula (Bilula) : Tishonia diversif
8. Bibingo (ibingo) : Pennisetum purpuseum
9. Mutuzo gw’ebushi : Tetratenia riparia
10. Mudege munyinyi : Commelia diffusa
11. Masopsisi : Maesopsis
12. Byasi bya lubonobono : Ricinus communis
13. Maracuja : Pasiflora edulis
14. Nshungululu
15. Cihunga : Triumfetta cordif.